革命·浪漫·主义
张雅心样板戏经典剧照大型回顾展
Revolution • Romanticism • Ideology
—— Review exhibition of Zhang Yaxin
策展人 / Curator：画 儿 / Hua Er
建国60周年，样板戏成型40周年，我们举办摄影家张雅心先生拍摄于上个世纪的近一百幅样板戏经典剧照大型回顾展，并解密当年的拍摄内幕。
八部样板戏是文革期间被官方允许的唯一的文艺形式，它主宰了那一特殊历史时期全中国人民的文艺与生活，主导了那个年代中国人民的审美与价值的主张，甚至生活的戏剧化形态。对于经历过那个年代的中国人来说，它是一段集体的历史背景和公共回忆。
样板戏的拍演集中了中国当时最好的条件、最好的导演、最好的演员、最好的编曲、最好的舞美、最好的指挥等等，谢晋、谢铁骊、翁偶虹、田汉、李承祥、汪曾祺、李少春、袁世海、李德伦…… 这些名字足以让我们震撼。
身为新华社摄影记者的张雅心，当年被委以重任：拍摄样板戏。这是一项政治意义远远超过摄影意义的任务。样板戏占据全民文艺生活达十年之久，样板戏剧照也作为视觉经典影像被无数次的复制或者创作成招贴画、邮票、火花、装饰陶瓷等等各种各样的工艺品，样板戏也因这些图像的传播镌刻在了中国的历史上。对一种物象作出如此涵盖面广泛的多次复制本身隐含着大众文化的推广策略，只不过当时的推广目的只有一个，那就是诉求革命理想主义的意识形态。
作为众多文革时期文化艺术商品复制参照的原件，这批保存完好的原始样板戏剧照底片，对文革时期文化艺术创作和消费的研究提供了一个参照系，是弥足珍贵的第一手视觉数据资料，和革命浪漫主义的行为艺术图解范本。
The year 2009 has witnessed both the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PRC and the 40th anniversary of the shaping of model operas, therefore, a large-scale retrospective exhibition of close to 100 works of classic model opera stills shot by the senior photographer, Zhang Yaxin, during the last century, will be launched and the unknown conditions and stories behind those shot operas in those years will be unveiled to the public.
The eight model operas were the only officially permitted literary forms during the cultural revolution period, dominating the literary arts and lives of the entire Chinese people at that particular historical period, leading aesthetic standards and values of Chinese people, even the dramatic form of people’s live. For those Chinese people who have experienced that period personally, model opera has become a length of collective historical background and public memories.
The shooting and acting of the model operas made full use of the best facilities in China at that time, the best directors, the best players, the best music and best choreography, best conductors, etc. Those figures, such as Xie Jin, Xie Tieli, Weng Ouhong, Tian Han, Li Chengxiang, Wang Zengqi, Li Shaochun, Yuan Shihai, Li Delun, etc, were quite famous around the country.
Zhang Yaxin, a photographer of Xinhua News Agency, was entrusted with a lofty and important task in those years: shooting the model operas, the political significance of which went far beyond its photography significance. Model operas took up more than ten years in Chinese people’s cultural life. Therefore, the stills of model operas were considered as the classic visual images, widely copied for numerous times, or adapted to become a wide variety of handicrafts, such as posters, stamps, posters on the match boxes, decorative ceramics, etc. Due to the wide spread of those images, model operas were engraved deeply in China’s history. The numerous copy of a physical image in such a wide range itself implied the strategy of promoting popular culture. However, at that time, such promotion had only one purpose, that was to appeal for the idealistic revolutionary ideology.
As the originals of many copied cultural and artistic items during the cultural revolution period, this set of well-preserved original model opera still films can provide reference when studying the creation and consumption of culture and art during the cultural revolution period and serve as the invaluable first-hand visual data and graphical model of action arts of revolutionary romanticism.